Race Social Construct: Difference between revisions

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* Environmental position: Gaps stem from socio-economic factors, test bias, and historical inequality [6].

* Controversy timeline:

– 1969 Jensen’s “How much can we boost IQ?” sparks debate.

* 1969 Jensen’s “How much can we boost IQ?” sparks debate.

– 1994 “The Bell Curve” popularises hereditarian view.

* 1994 “The Bell Curve” popularises hereditarian view.

– 2003–2010 Genomics enters the discussion; Lewontin vs. Edwards exchange influences framing [10].

* 2003–2010 Genomics enters the discussion; Lewontin vs. Edwards exchange influences framing [10].

– 2013 Jason Richwine resigns from Heritage Foundation after writing on IQ and immigration [12].

* 2013 Jason Richwine resigns from Heritage Foundation after writing on IQ and immigration [12].

– 2017-present Internet outlets (Quillette, Aporia) revive hereditarian arguments [1] [8]; mainstream venues warn against over-interpretation of polygenic scores [6] [7].

* 2017-present Internet outlets (Quillette, Aporia) revive hereditarian arguments [1] [8]; mainstream venues warn against over-interpretation of polygenic scores [6] [7].

== Public discourse timeline (selected points) ==

- 1940s–50s UNESCO race statements emphasise social construction [4].

* 1940s–50s UNESCO race statements emphasise social construction [4].

- 1972 Lewontin publishes genetic variance study [6].

* 1972 Lewontin publishes genetic variance study [6].

- 2003 Edwards critiques Lewontin, coining “Lewontin’s Fallacy” [10].

* 2003 Edwards critiques Lewontin, coining “Lewontin’s Fallacy” [10].

- 2018 David Reich NYT op-ed argues for frank discussion of population genetics [7].

* 2018 David Reich NYT op-ed argues for frank discussion of population genetics [7].

- 2020 Scholars highlight political pressures limiting dissent [3].

* 2020 Scholars highlight political pressures limiting dissent [3].

- 2022 AI paper shows race detection in medical images, reigniting debate on biological signals [2].

* 2022 AI paper shows race detection in medical images, reigniting debate on biological signals [2].

Conflicting views: The UNESCO tradition (constructivist) [4] and some genomic scholars [6] argue race is not biologically real, whereas race-realist writers [1] [5] [10] claim observable genetic structure justifies the term. Moderate positions (e.g., Reich) accept population differences but caution against reifying folk categories [5] [7].

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 *  Environmental position: Gaps stem from socio-economic factors, test bias, and historical inequality [6].
 *  Controversy timeline:
-– 1969 Jensen’s “How much can we boost IQ?” sparks debate.
+* 1969 Jensen’s “How much can we boost IQ?” sparks debate.
-– 1994 “The Bell Curve” popularises hereditarian view.
+* 1994 “The Bell Curve” popularises hereditarian view.
-– 2003–2010 Genomics enters the discussion; Lewontin vs. Edwards exchange influences framing [10].
+* 2003–2010 Genomics enters the discussion; Lewontin vs. Edwards exchange influences framing [10].
-– 2013 Jason Richwine resigns from Heritage Foundation after writing on IQ and immigration [12].
+* 2013 Jason Richwine resigns from Heritage Foundation after writing on IQ and immigration [12].
-– 2017-present Internet outlets (Quillette, Aporia) revive hereditarian arguments [1] [8]; mainstream venues warn against over-interpretation of polygenic scores [6] [7].
+* 2017-present Internet outlets (Quillette, Aporia) revive hereditarian arguments [1] [8]; mainstream venues warn against over-interpretation of polygenic scores [6] [7].
 == Public discourse timeline (selected points) ==
-- 1940s–50s UNESCO race statements emphasise social construction [4].
+* 1940s–50s UNESCO race statements emphasise social construction [4].
-- 1972 Lewontin publishes genetic variance study [6].
+* 1972 Lewontin publishes genetic variance study [6].
-- 2003 Edwards critiques Lewontin, coining “Lewontin’s Fallacy” [10].
+* 2003 Edwards critiques Lewontin, coining “Lewontin’s Fallacy” [10].
-- 2018 David Reich NYT op-ed argues for frank discussion of population genetics [7].
+* 2018 David Reich NYT op-ed argues for frank discussion of population genetics [7].
-- 2020 Scholars highlight political pressures limiting dissent [3].
+* 2020 Scholars highlight political pressures limiting dissent [3].
-- 2022 AI paper shows race detection in medical images, reigniting debate on biological signals [2].
+* 2022 AI paper shows race detection in medical images, reigniting debate on biological signals [2].
 Conflicting views: The UNESCO tradition (constructivist) [4] and some genomic scholars [6] argue race is not biologically real, whereas race-realist writers [1] [5] [10] claim observable genetic structure justifies the term.  Moderate positions (e.g., Reich) accept population differences but caution against reifying folk categories [5] [7].